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Process–architecture–optimization is a development model for central processing units (CPUs) that Intel adopted in 2016. Under this three-phase (three-year) model, every microprocessor die shrink is followed by a microarchitecture change and then by one or more optimizations. It replaced the two-phase (two-year) tick–tock model that Intel adopted in 2006. The tick–tock model was no longer economically sustainable, according to Intel, because production of ever smaller dies becomes ever more costly.cite-ref-anandtech-10nm-delay-1-0[1]cite-ref-2[2]cite-ref-eteknix-pao-3-0[3]cite-ref-4[4]cite-ref-5[5]

• Roadmap

• See also

• Notes

• References

| Wave [ 6 ] | Process (die shrink) | Architecture | Optimizations | Optimizations | Optimizations | Optimizations | Optimizations | Optional backport [ 7 ] [ 8 ] |

|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

| 1: 14 nm | 2014: Broadwell (5th gen) | 2015: Skylake (6th gen) | 2016: Kaby Lake (7th gen) | 2017: Coffee Lake (8th gen) | 2018: Coffee Lake Refresh (9th gen) | 2019: Comet Lake (10th gen) | N/A | 2021: Rocket Lake (11th gen, Cypress Cove ) |

| 1: 14 nm | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 9 ] |

| 2: 10 nm ( Intel 7 ) | 2018: [ note 1 ] Cannon Lake (8th gen, Palm Cove ) | 2019: Ice Lake (10th gen, Sunny Cove ) | 2020: Tiger Lake (11th gen, Willow Cove ) | 2021: Alder Lake (12th gen, Golden Cove ) | 2022: Raptor Lake (13th gen) | 2023: Raptor Lake Refresh (14th gen) | 2025: Raptor Lake Refresh (Core 200) | N/A |

| 2: 10 nm ( Intel 7 ) | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] | References: [ 1 ] [ 10 ] [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] |

| 3: Intel 4 & Intel 3 | 2023: Meteor Lake (14th gen) | 2025: Arrow Lake-U (Ultra 200U) | | | | | | |

| 3: Intel 4 & Intel 3 | References: [ 13 ] | References: [ 13 ] | References: [ 13 ] | References: [ 13 ] | References: [ 13 ] | References: [ 13 ] | References: [ 13 ] | References: [ 13 ] |

| 3: Intel 20A? & Intel 18A | 2025: Panther Lake (Ultra 300) | 2026?: Nova Lake (Ultra 400?) | | | | | | |

| 3: Intel 20A? & Intel 18A | References: | References: | References: | References: | References: | References: | References: | References: |

• List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

• Tick–tock model

• Template:Intel processor roadmap

• Speculative execution CPU vulnerabilities

cite-note-101. Cannon Lake: only 1 CPU released, microarchitecture dumped 1.5 year later.

cite-note-anandtech-10nm-delay-11. ↑ Tick Tock On The Rocks: Intel Delays 10nm, Adds 3rd Gen 14nm Core Product "Kaby Lake". AnandTech. 16 July 2015.

cite-note-22. ↑ citerefcutressCutress, Ian. "Intel's 'Tick-Tock' Seemingly Dead, Becomes 'Process-Architecture-Optimization'". Archived from the original on March 23, 2016.

cite-note-eteknix-pao-33. ↑ citerefeteknix-com2016eTeknix.com (23 March 2016). "Intel Ditches 'Tick-Tock' for 'Process-Architecture-Optimization' - eTeknix".

cite-note-44. ↑ "Intel Tick-Tock Processor Model Replaced With Process-Architecture-Optimization - Legit Reviews". 23 March 2016.

cite-note-55. ↑ "Intel 7th Gen Core: Process Architecture Optimization". 30 August 2016.

cite-note-anandtech-kaby-lake-release-62. Intel Launches 7th Generation Kaby Lake: 15W/28W with Iris, 35-91W Desktop and Mobile Xeon - 03 January 2017.

cite-note-73. citerefcutressCutress, Dr Ian. "Intel's Manufacturing Roadmap from 2019 to 2029: Back Porting, 7nm, 5nm, 3nm, 2nm, and 1.4 nm". www.anandtech.com. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-15.

cite-note-84. citerefdecember-20192019December 2019, Arne Verheyde 11 (11 December 2019). "Intel Process Roadmap Shows 1.4nm in 2029, Two-Year Cadence (Updated)". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 2021-03-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

cite-note-intel-ticks-95. Intel’s Path to 10nm: 2010 to 2019 - 25 January 2019

cite-note-116. Intel's 10nm Cannon Lake and Core i3-8121U Deep Dive Review - 25 January 2019.

cite-note-127. Intel Raptor Lake's rumoured 24 cores could crush multi-threaded applications - 11 June 2021.

cite-note-new-node-name-138. citerefcutress2021Cutress, Ian (26 July 2021). "Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A". www.anandtech.com. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021.

cite-note-149. Meteor Lake, Intel's first 7nm CPU, to tape in before July this year and release in 2023 - 23 March 2021.